The engine fan is driven by a viscous slip clutch, a bit like an LSD. The hotter it gets, the more it locks up & the fan spins faster. If the clutch is bad, it'll spin the fan but slip too much. I'd figure the clutch could also lock the fan...in that case you'd have the fan on full all the time. That would make a lot of noise.
You can test it. When your engine is stone cold the fan should spin with very little resistance. After a ride, when the car is warmed up, the fan should have much more resistance but still spin pretty easily.
If I had to estimate, I'd say a good hot clutch will resist turning the ends of the fan blades by maybe ten pounds. Cold, maybe a pound or two.
There's also an aux fan in front of the radiator. It should turn on low speed when the engine is slightly over halfway and high speed when the engine is really hot. The A/C will also turn that fan on.