So let me see if I got this right.
If one has a car with the timing chain off and has no marks he must:
1. get the engine at TDC
2. lock the flywheel
3. set the cams with the circle marks upwards and lock them with the upper side parallel to the head and with the first two lobes of the camshaft up an pointing at eachother.
4. put the chain back on and set the sprockets so that the chain fits right, if possible with the bolt in the center of the hole.
Is this what it takes to set it correct?
Well yours seems to be roughly right so you don't need to go through the whole procedure. If I were you I'd get the timing as correct as you can before opting to do anything more drastic; it's quite simple and worth doing whilst you have the top of the skull removed.
1. Stick a locking pin in your flywheel to get it at TDC.
2. Check whether the squares at the end of the camshafts are parallel with the head and each other, as shown below:

3. If they are not perfectly oriented, loosen the camshaft sprockets and rotate the camshafts using the squares at the opposite end to get it set as best you can.
4. Tighten up any bolts you've loosened, remove the flywheel locking pin and manually rotate the engine to settle. Re-lock the flywheel and check all is as you left it.
Obviously if you find it all looks OK there's something else amiss but, as I said earlier, my exhaust cam was off a little like yours looks to be and sorting that improved my idle hugely.